Earthworks, soil stability, and building foundations are all covered by geotechnical engineering, which is a branch of civil engineering. Engineers evaluate the condition of the earth above and below the soil within a project site during geotechnical design. They create blueprints based on this information to assist contractors in determining the best way to develop the project site. Buildings without geotechnical design are prone to instability, which can lead to failure or collapse over time. This engineering method extends the life of a structure while also ensuring the safety of its occupants.
A site survey is the first step in the geotechnical design process. Engineers measure changes in elevation across the site during the survey to create a topographic, or contour, map. They may also take soil samples and conduct subsurface boreholes to determine the earth’s composition in that area. Finally, engineers assess the region’s weather conditions and seismic activity. Geotechnical design consultants can determine what changes need to be made before work can begin by combining all of this information with information about the potential building project.
To achieve the desired slopes or elevations on the site, site contractors frequently begin by adding or removing soil. Based on geotechnical design professionals’ recommendations, they may also add subsurface supports ranging from piles to foundation systems. These supports are intended to keep the building from sinking or collapsing by stabilizing the soil. Non-building projects, such as dams, tunnels, and marine structures, may also be subject to this design process.
Site drainage and environmental issues are also part of geotechnical design. Engineers can properly direct rainwater off a site while minimizing erosion and runoff issues based on soil conditions and site slope. This not only keeps the site dry and reduces pollution, but it also protects the foundation of the building from moisture damage over time. This procedure could also include site remediation techniques aimed at lowering pollutant levels in the soil or on the ground above the soil.
Civil engineers or geotechnical consulting firms can provide geotechnical services. Many of the people who do this work have a master’s degree in engineering or a related field. Geotechnical engineers must also obtain professional licensing from the local state or government agency in many cases. This entails completing an accredited design program as well as passing a test or exam. After completing the licensing process, those who earn the title “professional engineer” can use it.