Geophysical prospecting is the study of geological formations using a variety of observational tools to gather information about their composition, size, and nature. Geologists look deep into the earth with specialized equipment to learn more about petroleum deposits, rock, soils, and other objects that might be present. This process is used by mining and petroleum companies to identify sites of interest and evaluate them to see if they are worth further exploration.
For data collection in geophysical prospecting, people can use a variety of sensors both above and below the ground. Flying over the site in planes to take aerial photos, taking samples to collect data, using sonar to map out underground formations, and measuring the electrical conductivity and other physical characteristics of the soil are all examples of this. The goal is to gather as much information as possible to assist people in determining whether the site contains useful materials so that they do not have to invest in site development only to discover that it is not.
Geologists concentrate their efforts at a site on looking for specific materials of interest, though they will note any unexpected discoveries. Diamond specialists, for example, are looking for diamonds or indicator minerals that are commonly associated with diamonds. If the site does not contain minerals of interest to their employers, geologists could determine if it should be sold to another company for resource exploitation.
The Earth’s magnetic field and other characteristics provide important data for researchers in geophysical prospecting. Geologists meticulously record and map this information in order to create a comprehensive picture of the situation at a given location. This data is critical for executives deciding whether or not to proceed with site development and other activities. Geophysical prospecting can provide information about geologic history, deposits of scientific interest, and other topics, which can be useful for scientific research.
People who work in this field typically have at least a bachelor’s degree and industry experience. Many colleges and universities provide geology courses, as well as specific courses in fields such as petroleum engineering and mining, to prepare students for careers in these fields. Internships can be used to gain work experience while still in school. Companies prefer people with training and experience to perform geophysical prospecting work, so this can be beneficial for new graduates looking for work. People with little or no experience will have to work as low-level team members while they learn the ropes.