The ability of a machine to function in an electromagnetic environment without causing interference is known as electromagnetic compatibility. If a computer monitor develops wavy lines when the phone rings, it is most likely not compatible because it is not functioning normally as a result of the operation of another piece of equipment. In the same way, if the monitor causes static on the radio, it is causing interference and is not electromagnetically compatible. This is a topic that generates a lot of interest and concern because it involves systems that rely on electricity for everything from keeping patients alive to making phone calls.
Electromagnetic compatibility research shows that a system can become a source of interference in some situations, which can travel along a coupling path to a victim. For a variety of reasons, electrical systems can cause interference, which can travel along paths such as wireless signals generated by other equipment or common grounds. Designers of electrical equipment, ranging from power plant controllers to cell phones, must be able to make them compliant with hypothetical working environments.
Electromagnetic compatibility regulations exist in many countries. To reduce the risk of interference, companies must design systems within specific parameters. In some cases, products must be tested and approved before they can be sold to ensure that they are generally safe. Devices such as cell phones, televisions, and toasters have certification markers.
Controlling systems to ensure that they comply with electromagnetic compatibility regulations can be difficult. As part of their function, some devices, for example, must transmit signals, which can cause interference or create a path for interference. To avoid interfering with other equipment, devices such as cell phones, wireless routers, and baby monitors must all transmit within specific bands. This eliminates issues such as people listening in on phone conversations through the baby monitor.
Shielding can be used to reduce interference in a variety of systems. It can prevent unwanted electromagnetic energy from being released, as well as protect devices from external sources of energy. This is especially important when dealing with highly sensitive equipment that could be damaged by interference. Similarly, systems such as pacemakers must be compatible in order to protect patients’ health and safety. If a building or area has a known compatibility issue, warning signs may advise people who use implanted medical devices to proceed with caution before entering.