A friction test determines how much force is required to move and slide a material across a testing surface. Materials testing companies can determine how much force is required to get and keep a material moving. This testing can also be used to investigate the wear properties of components such as lubricants. Even if friction test information is not made available to the general public, it may be required for labeling purposes and/or important for research and development.
The sample material is placed in a machine that can exert precisely calculated and measured force in a basic friction test. The material is pushed against a testing surface, which is usually made of a different material. The testing can be observed by a technician, who will note when the sample begins to move and how much force was required to move it. The equipment can also determine how much force is required to keep the material moving and prevent it from stopping.
Friction tests are commonly used in the development of products that must pass through rollers and other similar equipment. This can include printing paper, packaging plastic, and other materials. These materials can jam if they require too much force to move, causing problems on a production line. Extremely slick products may have their own set of problems, such as feeding too quickly and causing snarls.
Friction testing can also be used to gather data on the properties of materials used in applications where safety is a concern. For example, flooring and paving cannot be too slick, as this may cause people to slip. Operators may conduct a dry test or one with spilled materials such as water and oil in this type of friction test. This ensures that products such as kitchen flooring are safe to use not only in ideal conditions, but also when spilled items are on the floor.
Friction testing can be used to learn more about how plastics will perform in real-world situations. Wear testing can be used to determine how much force is required to damage the plastic. Testing equipment for lubricants may be rotated or agitated at high speeds to simulate engine environments. This can assist testers in determining when the lubricant begins to fail. The results determine the lubricant’s rating, which is critical for drivers and mechanics looking for the best material for their needs.